Population Growth
Caldwell was incorporated as a city in 1890, with a population of 779 (www2.census.gov). Fifteenth of 77 cities at that time and with a population density of 34.091/mi2, Caldwell has grown into the 5th most populated of 201 cities with a population of 59,996 (www.census.gov), giving it a population density of 2,625.645/mi2.
Income and Rurality
The state of Idaho had an overall population density of 1.071/mi2 in 1890, and 22.253/mi2 in 2020, so Caldwell has always been far from the general rurality of Idaho. Caldwell's per capita income 2017-2021 (in 2021 dollars) was $21,521 (www.census.gov), which compared to the state's $31,509 (www.census.gov) puts Caldwell's individual earnings at ~68% of Idaho's overall.